AESCHYLUS, THE ORESTEIA

STUDY QUESTIONS

    It will useful to you, although not necessary, to read the introduction, pages 13-97.

A. Agamemnon (pp. 99-172)

    1. Write a one page summary of the plot of this play
    2. Compare these two translations of the following passage (lines 177-184).  What significance, if any, do you find in the differences between them?   In your own words, write a paragraph explaining what Aeschylus means.

        Zeus has led us on to know,
        The Helmsman lays it down as law
        That we must suffer, suffer into truth.
        We cannot sleep, and drop by drop at the heart
        the pain of pain remembered comes again,
        and we resist, but ripeness comes as well.
        From the gods enthroned on the awesome rowing-bench
        there comes a violent love.

        (Robert Fagles, Penguin Books, 1977)

        Zeus, who guided men to think,
        who has laid it down that wisdom
        comes alone through suffering.
        Still there drips in sleep against the heart
        grief of memory; against
        our pleasure we are temperate.
        From the gods who sit in grandeur
        grace comes somehow violent.

        (Richmond Lattimore, U. Chicago, 1983))

    3. What do you think is going on in lines 908-957?  Why?

    4. Lines 1032-1331. What is happening to Cassandra in this passage? What does she reveal prophetically? 
   
    5. Lines 1410-1451. What crimes does Clytemnestra charge Agamemnon with?

    6. What do you think Aegisthus could mean in line 1623, considering the context?

B. The Libation Bearers (pp. 173-226)

    1. Write a one page summary of the plot of this play.

    2. How does Electra know that Orestes has returned?

    3. What reasons are driving Orestes to kill Clytaemestra?

    4. What was her dream and what is Orestes' interpretation?

    5. Lines 1020-1077.  What is developing in these last lines? What is troubling Orestes?


C. The Eumenides (pp. 227-277)

    1. Write a one page summary of the plot of this play.

    2. Why are the Furies after Orestes?

    3. In this play, what is their complaint against Apollo and Athene?

    4. In the trial, how is Orestes defended?

    5. What happens between Athene and the Furies in the end?

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