Latin Grammatical Constructions rev.
| TYPE | DEFINITION | CLUES | TRANSLATION |
| ABL. ABSOL. p.155 | describes gen. circumstances; separated by commas |
noun & participle in abla. case | "since/although/when/after/with;" translate abl. noun as subject |
| INDIR. STATE. p.163 | indirect report of something which is thought |
after a verb of saying, knowing, thinking, perceiving, feeling + infin. + accus. subject |
"that" + infin (pres=same time; perf=before; fut=after main verb) |
| PASS. PERIPH. p.156 | expresses ought/obligation | fut.pass.part.('nd') + form of 'sum' | "must/should/ought to be" |
| JUSS. SUBJUN. p.185 | expresses a command | main verb subjunctive;'ne'- neg. | "let/may" + "me/he/him/us/them" |
| PURPOSE p.186 | answers ?: "why...done?" | ut/ne+subjunct.verb in subord. clause |
"to/in order to/that..": "may"
(pres.); "might" (imperfect) |
| RESULT p.193 | answers ?: "what ...result?" | sic/ita/tam/tantus/non/nihil + ut | "that" + result in indicative |
| INDIR. QUES. p.201 | reports a ? indirectly; intro. by an interrogative pronoun, adverb or suffix (-ne) | quis/quid/quam/cur/utrum/uter/ ubi/or -ne + main verb of speech, sense perception or mental activity |
trans. subjunct. verb as indicative pres & impf.= same tense as main perf. & plupf.= time before main |
| CUM CLAUSE p.208 | describes circumstances | "cum" + indic. or subjunc. verbs | trans. subjunct. verb as indicative: causal="since;" circum.=" when;" adversative= "although;" pres. & impf.=same time as main perf. & plupf= time before main |
| PROVISO CL. p.219 | describes some restriction | "dummodo" ("ne" in neg. clauses) | begin "provided that/so long as;" trans. subj. verb as indicative |
| CONDITIONS p.223 | expresses conditions | "si," "nisi," "etsi" | 6 different verb pairs (see below) |
| 1.SimpleFactPresent | an indicative condition | 2 pres. tense indic. verbs | "if/if not/unless" + "is/is"' |
| 2.SimpleFactPast | an indicative condition | perf. or imperf. indic. verbs | "if/if not/unless" + "did/was/were" |
| 3.SimpleFactFuture | an indicative condition | 2 fut. tense indic. verbs | "if/if not/unless" + "does/will" |
| 4.Contr.toFactPres. | a subjunctive condition | 2 imperf. tense subjunc. verbs | "if/if not/unless" + "were/would" |
| 5.Contr.toFactPast | a subjunctive condition | 2 pluperf. tense subjunc. verbs | "if/if not/unless" + "had/would have" |
| 6.FutureLessVivid | a subjunctive condition | 2 pres. tense subjunc. verbs | "if/if not/unless" + "should/would" |
| JUSS. NOUN C. p.247 | indirectly answers "what was requested?"/an indir. command | main "begging verb" + ut/ne | translate subj. as infinitive "to" |
| REL.CL.CHAR. p.263 | describes gen/indef/interrog/ or neg. characteristics |
sunt qui/quis est/qui/nemo est qui + subjunctive verb |
"there is/are...who would/the sort of" |
| FEAR CLAUSE p.277 | expresses some fear or apprehension |
timeo/metuo/vereor + ut/ne | ne="that may/will;" ut="that may not/will not" |
| SUPINE p.264 | express. purpose, specification | perf. pass. participle ending in um/û | um= "to;" û="(in respect) to" |
| GERUND/IVE p.270 | verbal noun/adjective | future passive "nd" participle | "-ing" (active)/ "to be" (passive) |